Desert varnish is the dark, rusty-brown surface coating of iron oxide, manganese oxide, and clay which is often found on desert rocks .
What is Desert varnish ?
An orange-yellow to black covering known as desert varnish or rock varnish can be observed on exposed rock surfaces in dry areas. Desert varnish has layers at the nanoscale scale and is around one micrometer thick. Other, less common labels for the condition include rock rust and desert patina.
Only physically sound rock surfaces free from frequent precipitation, fracture, or wind abrasion exhibit desert varnish formation. The majority of the varnish is made up of clay particles as well as iron and manganese oxides. There are several trace elements and biological stuff is virtually always present. Varnish comes in a variety of brown and black tones.
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