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when levels of certain aerosols increase or ash from large volcanic eruptions stays in the atmosphere for extended periods of time, some solar energy can be blocked from reaching earth's surface and can cause average global temperatures to decrease. this is a process called global cooling.
What is global cooling?
An imminent cooling of the Earth that would result in a period of severe glaciation due to the cooling effects of aerosols or orbital forcing was hypothesized, particularly during the 1970s. The scientific literature of the 1970s was largely more concerned with warming from an increasing greenhouse effect, but some journalistic reporting in that decade speculated about continued cooling.
The few temperature series that were available in the middle of the 1970s indicated that the temperature had been dropping for several decades prior to that point. It became evident that the average global temperature had significantly increased as longer time series of higher quality became available.
Scientists began to realise, by the 1970s, that estimates of world temperatures indicated cooling since 1945 as well as the potential for significant warming brought on by greenhouse gas emissions. Less than 10% of the scholarly articles that examined 21st-century climate trends tended to forecast future warming, while the majority expected future cooling. A 25% rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide over the 150 years from 1850 to 2000, together with a corresponding warming trend, was predicted by Science News in May 1959, despite the fact that the general public was mostly unaware of the effects of carbon dioxide on the climate. The actual growth during this time was 29%. Paul R. Ehrlich noted in 1968 that the cooling impact of aerosols was being countered by global warming from greenhouse gases.
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