Geologists define geologic formations as a rock that has been completely lithified .
Describe the process of lithification .
Lithification is a difficult process that turns loose silt grains that have just been deposited into rock. Lithification might take place either right away or later after a sediment is deposited. One of the key procedures, particularly for sandstones and conglomerates, is cementation. In addition, interactions between different minerals and between minerals and the fluids confined in the pores within a sediment occur; these processes, together referred to as autheigenes, may create new minerals or supplement those already present in the sediment.
Minerals in solution entering the sediment from another region may be deposited or may interact with minerals already there. Minerals may also be dissolved and redistributed form nodules and other concretions. By pressing the grains into different arrangements, the sediment may be compressed.
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