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Anticlines, faults, salt domes are some oil traps
What is Anticlinal trap?
An area of the subsurface where the strata have been forced into producing a dome shape is known as an anticline. If such a dome-shaped layer of impermeable rock exists, hydrocarbons can build up at the crest until the anticline is filled to the spill point, which is the highest point from which they can escape. The hydrocarbon sector considers this kind of trap to be by far the most important. Look at a geological map or fly over the area to spot anticline traps, which are typically long oval land domes.
What is a Fault trap?
The shifting of impervious and permeable rock strata along a fault line created this trap. The impermeable rock now abuts the permeable rock of the reservoir, blocking further hydrocarbon migration.
In some circumstances, an impermeable material (like clay) may be smeared along the fault line, which also serves to inhibit migration. It's called a clay smear.
What is a sold dome trap?
Due to their increased buoyancy, masses of salt are driven up through clastic rocks, finally breaking through and rising towards the surface (see salt dome). This salt is impermeable, and when it passes through a layer of permeable rock through which hydrocarbons are migrating, it obstructs the channel in a manner similar to that of a fault trap. This is one of the factors contributing to the considerable interest in subsalt imaging, despite the numerous technological difficulties that come with it.
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