The reactivities of tert-butyl bromide and 2-bromopropane are related to the stabilities of the carbocations produced as intermediates in the reaction in several ways.
First, it is important to note that tert-butyl bromide has an electron-withdrawing group (carbonyl) attached to its aromatic ring. This makes it more reactive than 2-bromopropane because it is easier for tert-butyl bromide to achieve a favorable resonance structure.
Second, it is also important to note that tert-butyl bromide has a more stable carbocation intermediate than 2-bromopropane because it has a larger number of bonds between carbon atoms. This means that these bonds take longer to break apart during the transition state, which makes it harder for tert-butyl bromide's intermediate to form.
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