The interaction of infrared light with materials is a key component of infrared spectroscopy (IR). Depending on the type of functional group, functional groups will behave (vibrate, stretch, bend, wiggle, basically move around) at different ranges on the spectra. Chemical substances can be identified and studied using this.
The two compounds generated during the benzil reduction are easily distinguishable by IR. A C=O peak will appear in the IR of benzoin between 1700 and 1800 cm1. The IR of meso-hydro benzoin, in contrast, won't have a peak in the 1700–1800 cm–1 range. The -OH formed after the first reduction of benzil to benzoin forces the hydride to attack the other end of the molecule to form a meso product.
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