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From their capital, Tenochtitlan, the ancient Aztec ruled over peoples they had conquered.

What was Aztec?

Three Nahua city-states—Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan—joined forces to become the Aztec Empire, also known as the Triple Alliance. These three city-states governed the region in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until they were vanquished in 1521 by the combined troops of the Spanish conquistadors and their local allies who were ruling under Hernán Cortés.

In a civil war between the city of Azcapotzalco and its former tributary provinces, the alliance was created by the winning groups. Tenochtitlan, the empire's capital, grew to be the most powerful military power, despite the empire's origins as a coalition of three autonomous city-states. By the time the Spanish came in 1519, Tenochtitlan fully controlled the alliance's territories, with the remaining alliance members playing supporting roles.

After its creation, the alliance fought conquest wars and grew. At its height, the alliance held sway over much of central Mexico as well as a few more remote regions of Mesoamerica, including the Aztec exclave of Xoconochco province, which is now part of Guatemala. Academics have labelled Aztec governance as "hegemonic" or "indirect." As long as they promised to provide the alliance with semi-annual tribute payments and military support for the Aztec war effort, the rulers of captured cities were allowed to remain in office. The imperial power received safety, political stability, and the capacity to create an integrated economic network of many regions and peoples with high levels of local autonomy in exchange.

The Nahua notion of teotl, as well as a vast pantheon of minor gods and manifestations of nature, were interpreted as the supreme god Ometeotl in the monistic pantheism practised by the Aztecs. The state religion of the empire supported both the popular heterodoxies and the mythical and polytheistic features of religion, while the popular religion tended to embrace these elements. Even the most prominent cults were formally acknowledged by the empire, and Tenochtitlan's main temple complex even had a statue of the deity. The distinctively warlike Mexica god Huitzilopochtli was the object of the imperial religion. In conquered provinces, people were free to uphold and practise their own religious practises as long as they incorporated Huitzilopochtli, the imperial god, into their native pantheons.

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From their capital, Tenochtitlan, the ancient ________ ruled over peoples they had conquered.