The term "structural abnormalities" was used to describe conditions such as aberrant kidney size for one's age, increased echogenicity, hydronephrosis/hydroureter, or obstruction of the urinary tract from a congenital or acquired condition, such as stone disease.
A set of disorders affecting the kidneys or other urinary system structures is known as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). The bladder, the tubes from each kidney to the bladder (the ureters), and the tube that empties the bladder of urine are additional elements of the urinary tract that may be impacted (the urethra). Congenital (present from birth), CAKUT is caused by abnormal urinary system development, though the abnormality may not be noticed until later in life.
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