Prior to DNA sequencing, chromosomes are broken up because only about 500 bases can be reliably called by DNA sequencing reactions.
Only roughly 500 DNA bases can be properly determined by a DNA sequencing process. The DNA of a cell is broken into relatively big chunks using a technique called map-based sequencing. After a certain length, it becomes challenging to determine the precise base or nucleotide. This is due to the fact that the length of the DNA strand and base quality are inversely related. Enzymatic DNA fragmentation techniques use enzymes to break intact DNA and long sequences into perfect fragments for sequencing, producing clearer findings than subdividing longer DNA sequences into smaller bits before sequencing. Transposase, restriction, and nicking enzymes are some of the enzyme-based techniques for DNA fragmentation for sequencing.
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