The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both faced barbarian invasions and internal infighting. The Han Dynasty fell and was replaced by the Three Kingdoms, while Rome faced a series of civil wars and insurgencies.
The Han Dynasty was able to maintain its bureaucracy and military through a more efficient and comprehensive taxation system than many modern empires. Furthermore, in order to increase revenue, the Han established monopolies on iron and salt.
It is known as the Golden Age because much of the development of Chinese culture occurred during the Han Dynasty. It was also a peaceful period that allowed China to prosper and grow into a significant world power.
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