A process where pressure is applied to a pile of sediments, the grains will pack together more tightly, taking up less water volume and simply stores the pressure because of compaction due to pressure from the continuous pile of material at the top of the sediment layer.
Compaction is caused by a continuous pile of sedimentary material coupled with the erosion factor which increasingly brings more material which then accumulates and puts pressure on the top of the previously formed sediment layer. The occurrence of a pile of material that suppresses the lower layer of sediment is due to the quieter and slower flow or flow of the downstream river making it difficult to drain the material that is carried which then results in the accumulation of these materials and settles and suppresses the layers below. This pressure makes the sediment layers denser and less porous so that there is no room for water which was previously contained in rock crevices. The water content is released during the compaction process. It is one of the natural processes of changing sedimentary rock into a more complex rock.
In conclusion, compaction is one of the processes of changing sedimentary rock into a more complex rock that occurs when a layer of sediment is buried deeply and compressed by the layer of material above it so that it squeezes the grains very tightly.
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