El Niño is the global weather phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial pacific.
In contrast to La Nina, which is defined by extremely cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, El Nino is characterised by unusually warm ocean temperatures. El Nino is an ocean-atmosphere system oscillation in the tropical Pacific that has significant effects on weather globally.
Among these effects are greater rainfall in Peru and the southern US, which has led to severe flooding, and drought in the West Pacific, which is occasionally linked to catastrophic brush fires in Australia. For the forecasting of short-term climate fluctuations (a few months to a year), observations of the tropical Pacific are thought to be crucial.
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