Efficiency wages may cause a surplus of labor because they are above the equilibrium wage.
The efficiency wage is higher than the equilibrium wage, which might result in a labor supply.
Since the efficiency wage in question is higher than equilibrium wages, there will be a labor surplus since more individuals will be eager to work as a result of the wage rise. Due to the fact that supply is more than demand, this will result in a rise in supply and an excess of labor.
There is a labor surplus in the sense that a sizeable segment of the work force produces less than it consumes and its marginal product is below the wage agreed upon via negotiation.
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