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A population of organisms that breaks away and becomes different from the original population through isolation and separate evolution might eventually become a separate: species.
The term "speciation" refers to the process by which one population separates from another and transforms into a new one. The evolution of a population into a new species is the result of speciation. The new species cannot mate with the old species because they are reproductively isolated.
Types of speciation:
- Allopatric Speciation: The type of speciation that results from geographical isolation is called allopatric speciation. In this kind of speciation, a physical barrier divides the population.
- Parapatric Speciation: This is a type of allopatric speciation in which there is no physical barrier that separates the species. They are instead positioned side by side. This is caused by a significant alteration to the habitat. Even though people in these areas can mix and mingle, they develop distinct traits and ways of life.
- Sympatric Speciation: It refers to the evolution of new species from the ancestral species that have survived and continue to live in the same area.
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