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The founder of the Byzantine Empire and its first emperor, Constantine the Great, moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium in 330 CE and renamed it Constantinople. Constantine the Great also legalized Christianity, which had previously been persecuted in the Roman Empire.

The Roman Empire turned into the publish-Republican duration of historic Rome. As a polity, it included big territorial holdings across the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and become ruled by means of emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus as the first Roman emperor to the army anarchy of the third century, it becomes a principate with Italia as the metropole of its provinces and the metropolis of Rome as its sole capital. The Empire changed into later dominated by way of more than one emperor who shared manipulation over the Western Roman Empire and the jap Roman Empire.

The metropolis of Rome remained the nominal capital of each component till advert 476 when the imperial insignia have been sent to Constantinople following the seizure of the Western capital of Ravenna by the Germanic barbarians. The adoption of Christianity as the country church of the Roman Empire in ad 380 and the autumn of the Western Roman Empire to Germanic kings conventionally marks the quit of classical antiquity and the beginning of the middle while. due to these occasions, together with the slow Hellenization of the Japanese Roman Empire, historians distinguish the medieval Roman Empire that remained in the eastern provinces because of the Byzantine Empire.

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