A stretch of bacterial DNA 600 nucleotides long can code at most for a polypeptide of 200 amino acids.
Protein-coding genes are those that code for polypeptides. Polypeptides are not specified by all genes. Some, however, provide instructions for the construction of functional RNA molecules, such as transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs, which play roles in translation. Most genes code for protein synthesis because the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into polypeptides or proteins. The term polypeptide refers to a group of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Not all polypeptides are proteins, and not all proteins are polypeptides.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein because it transports the information, or message, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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