vaccines often contain agents derived from the surface proteins of foreign pathogens that cause disease. these agents stimulate the immune system of the host, allowing the host to recognize and destroy the pathogen in any future encounters. however, some pathogens have developed mechanisms to alter their surface proteins and evade the immune system, making it difficult or impossible to develop effective vaccines against them. how do mutations that affect the viral protein coat allow human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to evade the immune system?

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15-11-2022
Biology

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vaccines often contain agents derived from the surface proteins of foreign pathogens that cause disease. these agents stimulate the immune system of the host, allowing the host to recognize and destroy the pathogen in any future encounters. however, some pathogens have developed mechanisms to alter their surface proteins and evade the immune system, making it difficult or impossible to develop effective vaccines against them. how do mutations that affect the viral protein coat allow human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to evade the immune system?

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contexto1212 contexto1212 · Answer 1 · 2022-11-18T17:12:55+01:00

In this situation, viruses have a variety of immune evasion mechanisms. Antigenic drift is one of the most frequent types, nevertheless. An accumulation of protein mutations in the genes that make coat proteins causes antigenic drift.

Our immune system can typically identify a number of the virus' surface proteins. Immune cells recognize pattern recognition proteins in the innate immune system. After an infection, our adaptive immune system can produce plasma cells that produce antibodies against a specific pathogen's coat proteins.

Viruses constantly replicate, and because most of their reproduction mechanisms are unregulated, they frequently experience mutations. These alterations will eventually have an impact on coat protein expression. Because it is a brand-new protein, the new protein created by the mutation is not recognized by the innate or adaptive immune systems. The virus can therefore spread disease once more.

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