Consider the following chromosomes and if they are affected by hemophilia. X = unaffected x chromosome, x = x chromosome affected by hemophilia, and y = y chromosome. If an xx female and xy male have children, what fraction of their offspring will have an affected chromosome, and what fraction is likely to be affected by hemophilia?.

In order for the blood to clot properly, replacing the missing blood coagulation factor is the best strategy to treat hemophilia. Clotting factor concentrates, which are used as therapeutic items, are often injected into the patient's vein.

Briefing:

A rare condition known as hemophilia affects the capacity of blood to clot. It is referred to as being X-linked since it is transmitted on the X chromosome. Typically, a mother passes it on to her son. In response to this, X stands for an unmodified X chromosome.

x = hemophilia-affected X chromosome

Y = the Y chromosome

Therefore, the following chromosome will be present with in gametes released by each parent in a cross between an Xx female (carrier) and an XY man (unaffected):

X and x gametes, or Xx.

XY: gametes from X and Y.

These gametes can possibly result in offspring with the genotypes XX, Xx, XY, and xY when placed in a punnet square (see attached illustration).

Unaffected female, XX (1)

Unaffected but a carrier female, Xx (1)

Male, unaffected, XY (1)

affected male xY (1)

Based on the questions

- The affected (x) chromosomes will be present in 2 of the potential 4 offspring, i.e., both the xY son and the xX daughter. Therefore, the fraction is 1/2 because one of the four potential children, the xY son, has hemophilia. The fraction is therefore 1/4.

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