DNA's negative charge is balanced by sodium ions, which promotes precipitation. This aids in the DNA's extraction from the solution. The cell and nuclear membranes of cells are emulsified by detergent.
The addition of that combination to the mashed strawberries aids in breaking down the cells even further. Nuclear and cell membranes are damaged by the soap.
The lipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane can be broken down by shampoo or dishwashing detergent. Proteins that are attached to DNA can be freed with the aid of sodium chloride. Keeping the proteins liquid in the aqueous layer prevents them from precipitating with the DNA in the alcohol.
DNA in a cell is often shielded from these enzymes by the nuclear membrane.
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