The approach to leadership that asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand is: C. Contingency.
Contingency leadership style can be defined as a leadership style that states that a leader can handle a situation today and tomorrow the same leader may be unable to handle another situation which implies that to be successful leader does not have to do with abilities or skills that a leader possess but rather the success of a leader depend on how the leader was a able to tackle a situation.
Which is why this approach to leadership argue that leadership effective has to do with the way the leader help to combat the situation or challenges they are faced with.
Therefore the correct option is C.
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The complete question is:
Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?
Full-range
Servant
Contingency
Transactional