Temperature, humidity, soil composition, and solar radiation are significant factors in determining altitudinal zones, which subsequently support different vegetation and animal species.
Altitudinal zonation was first hypothesized by geographer Alexander von Humboldt who observed the natural layering of ecosystems that occurs at distinct elevations due to varying environmental conditions.In addition to wetlands and shorelines, intertidal ecosystems also experience zoning. According to the scientist C. Hart Merriam, changes in flora and animals populations in altitude zones correspond to those that are predicted as latitude increases. Altitudinal zonation is now regarded as a fundamental idea in mountain studies.
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