A virus assaults particular types of cells by adhering to the target cell, transferring genetic material into the target cell, and then duplicating itself.
These "lock-and-key" interactions, which are essential for viruses to successfully invade host cells, take the form of the viral attachment protein acting as the "key" that interacts with the "lock"—the receptor—on the cell surface to unlock host cells.
When a virus enters the body of its host, it moves along the cell surfaces until its proteins start to connect with receptors on the cells. The virus and the cells subsequently merge, allowing the virus' DNA or RNA to enter the cells.
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