Limiting access to the commons is one strategy for resolving the tragedy of the commons. The right response in this case is option A.
One method of attempting to avoid a tragedy of the commons is to penalize excessive consumption and/or promote underconsumption, so discriminate against excessive consumers.
Attaching property rights to public areas is one possible remedy. For instance, introducing a charge for disposing of wastewater or levying a toll for using a motorway would limit users to those who behave in the best interests of others as well as themselves.
Recent multidisciplinary research gives optimism that catastrophe may not be as inevitable as previously thought. Governments and organizations might instead create mechanisms that encourage people to restrain their egotistical tendencies, participate in community projects, and safeguard endangered resources.
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