Emily can't get an A in the class, even if she gets an A on the last exam. This expectancy theory might explain.
Expectancy theory suggests that indivisuals are motivated to perform if they know that their extra performance is recognized and rewarded. Consequently companies using performance-based pay can expect improvements.
Expectancy theory explains the process of why someone chooses one behavior over another. In making this conclusion choice, there are three elements considered: expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
Expectancy is the belief that your effort will lead to better performance.
Instrumentality is the trust that if you perform well you will achieve the outcome you expect.
Valence is the how important you feel the outcome, and any related reward is to you personally.
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