Glucogenic amino acids are used to make glucose for the brain. Others are oxidized in mitochondria via the citric acid cycle.
Glucogenic amino acids include glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, valine, methionine, histidine, and arginine. Pyruvate, -ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are the products of gluconogenic amino acid.Pyruvate and other intermediates of the citric acid cycle, which serve as precursors for gluconeogenesis, are produced during the metabolism of gluconogenic amino acids. Acetyl-CoA, which results from the conversion of ketogenic amino acids, produces ketone bodies. As the expression of BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT2), an enzyme that catabolizes the first step of BCAA degradation, is high in the skeletal muscle and low in, it is believed that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are metabolized and used as energy sources in the skeletal muscle [13].
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