The testosterone that Katie's testes produced when she was born did not affect her cells in any way. To generate progeny, earthworms can fertilize one another.
Doctors simply needed to implant the replacement gene into bone marrow cells because there was only one gene to replace. Despite having XY chromosomes, children with AIS lack the ability to respond to testosterone due to an inherited genetic disorder (the sex hormone). The formation of the male sex is therefore not occurring normally. The genitalia seems female or undersized. Also not internally developed are an ovary or a womb. In general, females have two X chromosomes (XX), whereas males typically have an X and a Y chromosome (XY). Although AIS patients inherit a genetic change that inhibits their bodies from responding to testosterone, they have XY chromosomes (the sex hormone). This indicates that male sex development does not proceed normally.
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