Respuesta :
Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger. Such an enzyme is called a(n) effector.
An effector molecule in biochemistry is often a tiny molecule that binds specifically to a protein and controls its biological activity. In this way, effector molecules function as ligands that can alter the expression of genes, the activity of enzymes, or cell signalling. Some mRNA molecules' activity can also be directly regulated by effector molecules (riboswitches). Hormone signalling and immunological response are two further instances of effector actions in biochemistry. Some proteins play the same function as effector molecules (small molecules are chemical compounds that are comparable in size to amino acids or RNA strands). As a result, the majority of effector molecules are significantly smaller than individual proteins, which include many amino acids. Cellular signal transduction cascades provide as one illustration of this. Other branches of biology employ the term effector. For instance, the endpoint at which an axon contacts the muscle or organ that it stimulates or suppresses is known as the effector end of a neuron.
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