The perception that our fate is determined by circumstances beyond our control is most closely associated with an external locus of control.
External locus of control is the idea or expectation that one's actions won't result in highly regarded reinforcement that is present in their environment; rather, reinforcement occurs as a result of uncontrollable circumstances like luck, chance, or randomness. A continuum of locus of control is anchored at one end by external locus of control and at the other by internal locus of control.
The construct was born out of research done by E. Jerry Phares and Julian Rotter at Ohio State University in the 1950s, and it was heavily influenced by Alfred Adler's earlier work on striving for greatness. It was believed that externality was connected to feelings of inferiority.
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