Each time an Internet Protocol (IP) packet passes through a router or gateway, the Time-To-Live (TTL) field's value is reduced by one. When a packet successfully reaches its destination and the TTL value, which was initially set to 64, is reduced by one, it will have the value 63.
In the event of routing loops or other issues, the TTL field is a time-based value that is used to stop IP packets from being transmitted endlessly. The sender sets the TTL value of an IP packet to a certain value (like 64) before it is sent. The router or gateway reduces the TTL value by one each time the packet goes through it.
The packet is rejected and a "Time Exceeded" message is issued back to the sender if the TTL value drops to 0 before it reaches its destination. As a result, routing loops and other issues that can develop when packets are transmitted endlessly are avoided.
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