During elongation, tRNAs move through the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome, as shown above. This process repeats itself many times as new codons are read and new amino acids are added to the chain.
These are small particles measuring from 20 nm to 30 nm, without membranes and made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Some authors claim that ribosomes are non-membranous organelles, others, however, assume the idea that they, due to the absence of membranes, cannot be considered cellular organelles.
In eukaryotes, ribosomes are made up of four types of ribosomal RNA and approximately 80 different proteins. Most ribosomal RNA is produced in the nucleolus, while proteins are produced in the cytoplasm. The proteins that will form the ribosome migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and associate with ribosomal RNA, forming subunits that migrate to the cytoplasm.
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