Chromosome translocation has caused the transfer of identical and clearly duplicated gene sequences from one chromosome to another.
The fundamental structural and operational unit of heredity is the gene. DNA makes up genes. Some genes serve as instructions for creating molecules known as proteins. Many genes do not, however, encode proteins. Genes in humans can range in size form a few hundred Nucleotide bases to more about 2 million bases.
Many of your characteristics, like your skin tone and hair color, are determined by genes that are handed down to you. Maybe Emma's mother had one trait for brown hair and another one for red hair, and she gave Emma the red hair gene.
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