The nerve that provides innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles is the hypoglossal nerve.
Cranial nerves are nerves that support the function of the five senses and muscle movement by receiving stimuli and conveying information from the brain to be sent to other members of the body to respond. In the cranial nerves there is a type of XII nerve, namely the hypoglossal nerve which is responsible for the muscles in the tongue.
The hypoglossal nerve is located near the meridian line, cranial from the caudal border of the medulla oblongata until it almost reaches the border of the medulla oblongata and the pons. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. There are three extrinsic muscles in the tongue, namely the genloglossus, hypoglossus, and stylogossus which are also intervened by the hypoglossal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve will move the tongue muscles to start moving, swallowing and speaking.
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