For bacteriophages and animal viruses attachment is the step in the viral life cycle that determines host cell or tissue specificity.
Bacteriophage is a virus capable of infecting bacterial cells. The lytic cycle allows it to enter the host cell. The virus within that bacterial cell could even destroy or replicate without killing the host cell. The bacteriophage attaches to the bacterium via its long tail fibers, and then installs its genetic material into the host cell to begin reproduction. Bacteriophages enter the host cell by injecting DNA, whereas animal viruses enter via endocytosis or membrane fusion. Animal viruses can enter latency, which is similar to bacteriophage lysogeny.
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