Signals can come in many shapes and sizes from nitric oxide to a small protein and play an important role in regulating cell behavior. It is important to understand how signals can be transmitted across a cell membrane and how this affects their chemical characteristics.
Membrane-soluble signals are signals that are able to pass through the membrane and bind to cytosolic receptors. These signals often have a small molecular weight and a hydrophilic nature, which allows them to pass through the hydrophobic membrane. Examples of membrane-soluble signals include hormones, neurotransmitters, and small molecules such as nitric oxide.
Membrane-insoluble signals, on the other hand, are signals that are unable to pass through the membrane and must bind to cell surface receptors instead. These signals often have a larger molecular weight and a hydrophobic nature, which allows them to bind to the hydrophobic membrane. Examples of membrane-insoluble signals include cytokines, growth factors, and large proteins such as G-proteins.
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