If the genome contained 20,000 genes, the average length of DNA per gene will be 40,000 base pairs.
Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity. Genes are made of DNA. Some genes act as instructions for making molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to over two million bases.
Genes you inherit determine many of your characteristics, such as the color of your hair and skin. Perhaps Emma's mother had one brown-haired gene and one red-haired gene, and she passed on the red-haired gene to Emma. She could explain her red hair if her father carried the red hair gene for two of her.
Genes carry instructions that direct how cells work and grow. Cells are the building blocks of the body. Every part of your body is made up of billions of cells working together. Genes are arranged in structures called chromosomes.
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