The Ras protein cannot bind to Sev RTK, so there is no signaling pathway causing the cell to become a cone cell.
RAS proteins play an important role in normal development. Active RAS promotes cell growth, proliferation, and migration. RAS in normal cells receives and obeys signals to rapidly switch between active (GTP form) and inactive (GDP form) states.
Ras proteins are proto-oncogenes that are frequently mutated in cancers in humans. They are encoded by three genes that are widely expressed: HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS. These proteins are GTPases, which act as molecular switches, regulating pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. KRAS is the most frequently mutated of the three Ras isoforms, accounting for 75% of Ras-mutant cancers in 19 of the 29 cancer types listed in Table 1.
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