The plasma membrane of a neuron has more potassium(K+) leak channels than sodium(Na+) leak channels. Because of this, K+ ions that leave the cell is greater than the number of Na+ ions that enter the cell.
- The neuron's plasma membrane is only minimally permeable to Cl and Na+ and extremely permeable to Potassium (K+).
- A balance between a high concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of Cl, as well as modest amounts of impermeant anions like bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulphate, is what keeps the extracellular fluid's electroneutrality.
- The concentration of Cl in the cytoplasm, where K+ concentration is high, is substantially lower than what is required to balance the sum of the positive charges. There, negatively charged impermeant proteins and phosphates keep the environment electroneutral.
- When the overall concentration of particles on one side is not equal to that on the other, the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid is kept by water moving through the plasma membrane.
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