With the exception of federal constitutional provisions for emancipation, all of the following factors helped increase the number of free African Americans in the United States in the early 19th century.
Because slavery only applied to individuals who had left the Union, it was untouched in the border states of the allies. Additionally, it expressly left out Confederate states that were already ruled by the Union.
The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to enslaved people who resided in the bordering states of Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland—states that had not ratified the Confederacy. Lincoln excluded the border states from the proclamation because he didn't want to persuade them to join the Confederacy.
The Emancipation Proclamation captured the hearts and minds of millions of African Americans, even though not a single slave was immediately freed. This fundamentally altered the purpose of the war, which was now being waged for freedom rather than the Union.
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