when the lobes of two p orbitals are in the same phase and overlap side-by-side, the orbital that is formed has a _____ dissociation energy compared to the σ∗ molecular orbital formed from the out-of-phase direct overlap of the two p orbitals.

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The orbital that is created when the lobes of two p orbitals overlap side by side while being in phase with one another has a lower dissociation energy than the molecular orbital created when the two p orbitals are directly in phase with one another.

What do you call it when two atoms share electrons and overlap their electron shells to form a molecule?

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, a covalent bond is created. The electron pair is drawn to both of the nuclei, which keeps the atoms together.

Exactly what kind of orbital overlap produces the strongest covalent bond?

The strongest bond is produced by the head-on overlapping of 2p2p orbitals because the electron density is highest along the bond's axis.

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