Deep-water organisms use the process of chemosynthesis because they lack access to sunlight, which is necessary for them to manufacture their food.
Bacteria produce food (glucose) by the process of chemosynthesis, which substitutes chemicals for sunlight as the energy source. Where there is no sunshine, chemosynthetic organisms thrive around hydrothermal vents and methane seeps.
Organisms that carry out chemosynthesis include chemoautotrophs. They consist of specific bacterial groupings like the sulfur-oxidizing gamma proteobacteria, epsilon proteobacteria, and neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria as well as certain archaea like the methanogenic archaea.
Chemosynthesis is the conversion of carbon (often carbon dioxide or methane) into organic matter utilizing inorganic molecules (hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide) or methane as the energy source. Plant photosynthesis is the primary method through which the majority of energy is produced.
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