The entire bond-forming and bond-breaking process occurs in one step during the SN2 reaction.
When switching from tertiary to secondary to primary alkyl halides, the rate of reaction for SN2 increases. The opposite trend is present for SN1. The pace of reaction for the SN2 goes from primary (fastest) > secondary >> tertiary because steric hindrance rises as we move from primary to secondary to tertiary (slowest).
The alkyl halide and nucleophile both affect the pace of the reaction. It is a second order reaction as a result.
The nucleophile attacks the Br-bearing carbon's reverse side in the subsequent reactions, replacing it.
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