Agents that provide a temporary numbing effect on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosa are topical anesthetics.
Topical anesthetics are local anesthetics that are used to numb only the surface of a part of the body. Topical anesthesia is carried out by giving certain local anesthetic agents to areas of the skin or mucous membranes that can be penetrated by materials to anesthetize the superficial nerve endings.
The mechanism of action of local anesthetic drugs prevents the transmission of nerve impulses (conduction blockade) by inhibiting the delivery of sodium ions through selective sodium ion gates in the nerve membranes.
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