The process of muscle contraction is initiated by an electrical impulse. The impulse travels down the neuron's axon and opens calcium-gated ion channels in the axon terminal. This allows calcium to flow into the axon terminal from the extracellular fluid. This chemical interacts with vesicle proteins in the axon terminal to move synaptic vesicles to the axon's pre-synaptic membrane, where exocytosis occurs to release chemicals called neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. (Specifically, the chemical released in skeletal muscle tissue is called acetylcholine; it is quickly destroyed by an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase that is found on the sarcolemma and in the synapse.) These chemicals diffuse to the motor end plate, bind to special receptors, and open cligand gated channels, allowing sodium to enter the muscle cell. This causes a change in the charge inside the motor end plate called an end-plate potential (the inside of the cell becomes less negative).
When we do an activity, our muscles tighten, shorten, or lengthen as a result of the contraction. When we stretch or lift weights, hold anything in our hands, or pick something up, it may happen. Muscular relaxation, in which once-contracted muscles return to their pre-contracted state, is frequently followed by muscle contraction.
The nervous system, which also governs the endocrine system and the human body, causes muscles to contract. They are in charge of maintaining the internal environment's stability and coordinating every body activity. The fundamental component of the neurological system is the nerve cell, or a neuron. Concentric, isometric, and eccentric are the three different kinds of muscular contractions.
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