When negatively charged electron pairs are present in bonds or alone, they repel one another and cause them to spread apart as much as possible.
What is an electron?
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be attached to or released from an atom (not bound). A bound electron is one of the three major types of particles within an atom, the other two being protons and neutrons.
It has a negative charge equivalent to 1.602 × 10-19 coulombs, which is regarded as the fundamental unit of electric charge.
Joseph John Thomson discovered the electron in the year 1897 during investigations of cathode rays.
Hence, negatively charged electron pairs cause the electron groups around a central atom to similarly spread out as much as possible
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