The hydraulic gradient of the water table has the greatest impact on groundwater velocity (the rate of groundwater movement).
In general, the slope of the water table and the slope of the land surface above it are inversely correlated; the steeper the topography, the steeper the slope of the water table. The speed at which groundwater flows depends on how steeply the water table slopes.
the grade line's slope in hydraulics. This is the slope of the water in an open channel, the groundwater table, or the slope of the water pressure for pipelines under pressure. The main determinants of groundwater flow are topography and geology. The ability of an aquifer to store water is known as storativity. Pumping tests, which involve pumping one well and monitoring changes in hydraulic head in nearby wells, are used to determine hydraulic conductivity.
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