Anonymous markers are genetic markers that do not cause a detectable phenotype but can be detected by molecular techniques. Markers correspond to specific, unique chromosomal regions and allow identification and ordering of specific DNA segments. Such information has been essential for constructing human genetic maps.
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short repeat DNA sequences containing repeat units of 1-6 bp. STRs are widely used in biological research due to their polymorphism and high mutation rate. Strand Slippage duplication is the major mutational mechanism of STRs, and the stepwise mutation model is believed to be the predominant mutational model. STR mutation rates can be influenced by many factors. In addition, some trinucleotide repeats have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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