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There are 46 individual chromosomes in each cell. After replication there are a total of 46 chromosomes, with 92 individual chromatids, in each cell.
The 46 chromosomes in a typical human cell are made up of the 44 autosomes, which occur in pairs, and the two sex chromosomes, which define a person's gender (typically XY or Y) (usually XX). Autosome pairings are referred to as "homologous chromosomes". The DNA letters that make up the genes are barely different, despite the fact that the genes are placed in the same order on identical chromosomes. When reproductive cells combine to form a new individual, when reproductive cells divide to produce new cells (meiosis), or when cells divide to produce new cells (mitosis), it is critical that the resultant cells receive the proper number of chromosomes (fertilization).
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