glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as toxins. factors that bind to host cells. signaling agents. factors needed for recombination.

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Glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as  Factors that bind to host cells. Option B.

Surface glycoproteins of enveloped viruses attach virions to target host cells by interacting appropriately with cellular receptors. Structural biology analysis of viral envelope glycoproteins indicates that viruses exhibit extensive folding to facilitate attachment to appropriate host receptors.

The envelope glycoprotein performs at least two functions critical to the HIV replication cycle. Thus, it uses one of its two non-covalent subunits, gp120, to bind the receptor and co-receptor, fusing the virus into the plasma cell. film. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host membrane.

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