The heat inactivates a virus by denaturing proteins present in them.
An inactivated/killed vaccine is a type of vaccination that has been produced physically (heat, radiation, or chemicals) and chemically killed the culture of complete viruses or bacteria or fractions. The killed part will still have the ability to elicit an immune response.
To produce a vaccine using a virus, first, we have to culture the target virus. Then, we have to heat kill the virus to reduce its pathogenicity to infect the host cells and replicate. The application of heat denatures the protein present in the virus. So this denatured protein doesn't have pathogenicity but it will still elicit an immune response.
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