1. The total energy in the batteries and the total energy given off by the flashlight through heat and light is equal. This is because of the "Law of the Conservation of Energy." Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form. This can also be backed with the first law of thermodynamics.
2. A rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by increasing the temperature, or introducing a catalyst.
3. a. The saliva acts as a catalysts in breaking down the cracker.
3. b. The energy is stored in the chemical bonds on the sugars in the cracker.
3. c. The energy is the cracker is released through the body's natural process in breaking down the cracker and the sugars.
